Attrition

/əˈtrɪʃən/

nounC1

Definition

Attrition means a slow and steady decrease in number or strength. It often refers to people leaving a group, job, or army, or to things wearing down or becoming less effective over time. It is not a sudden loss but happens little by little.

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See It in Action

Gradual loss of people, especially workers or soldiers

  • The company faced high attrition as many employees left each year.
  • Military attrition reduced the army's size after months of fighting.
  • The school’s attrition rate increased due to student transfers.

Gradual wearing down or weakening of something

  • The attrition of the rocks by the river made them smooth and small.
  • Machine parts suffer attrition after long use and need replacement.

Make It Stick

  • Think of "attrition" like "loss," but slower and happening bit by bit over time, not quickly
  • Picture a group of people slowly leaving a room one by one until only a few remain
  • It's the feeling when you notice your favorite shoes getting thinner and weaker after many wears
  • Sounds like "a-TRISH-un" → imagine a soft wind slowly taking away leaves from a tree, little by little
  • In stories, armies lose soldiers through attrition when they keep fighting but slowly lose people without big battles
  • NOT like "drop" (sudden fall), attrition is slow and continuous loss
  • NOT like "quit" (one person stops), attrition is about many people leaving over time
  • NOT like "damage" (instant harm), attrition is gradual weakening or loss

Try Other Words

  • Wear and tear: gradual damage from use (Use when talking about objects or materials getting old or weak)
  • Dropout: someone who leaves a group or school (Use when referring to individuals leaving, not the slow group process)
  • Turnover: rate of people leaving a job or group (Use when talking about employees leaving a company)
  • Decline: general decrease or reduction (Use when the decrease is about numbers or quality, not only people)

Unboxing

  • Prefix: "at-" (a form of "ad-" meaning "to" or "toward")
  • Root: "trit-" from Latin "terere" meaning "to rub" or "wear down"
  • Suffix: "-ion" meaning "the act or process of"
  • Origin: From Latin "attritio," meaning wearing down by rubbing or friction
  • Historical use: First used in English in the 15th century to describe wearing down by friction; later used for slow loss of people or strength
  • Modern use: Common in business and military to describe slow loss of people; also used in geology and material science for wearing down

Reflect & Connect

How can understanding attrition help managers keep their employees longer?
Can attrition be a positive process in some situations? When and why?

Fill in the blanks

1.The company’s attrition rate ___ because many employees found better jobs elsewhere.
2.Attrition happens slowly and ___, not like a sudden event or accident.
3.Unlike a sudden drop in sales, attrition shows a ___ loss over time.
4.In war, attrition causes armies to lose soldiers ___ without large battles.
5.Machines show attrition after ___ use and need parts replaced.
6.High attrition in a school means many students ___ before finishing.
7.When people leave a group gradually, we say the group is experiencing attrition ___ time.