Ought

/ɔːt/

modal verbB2

Definition

"Ought" shows what someone should do or what is the right or good thing to do. It can also suggest a likely or expected action. It is similar to "should," but a bit more formal or old-fashioned. People use it when giving advice or talking about moral duties.

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See It in Action

Expressing duty or moral advice

  • You ought to finish your homework before playing.
  • People ought to be kind to others.
  • He ought to apologize for being late.

Expressing expectation or probability

  • The train ought to arrive by 7 p.m.
  • She ought to know the answer by now.

Make It Stick

  • Think of "ought" like "should" (A2 word), but a little more formal and polite
  • Imagine a teacher telling students what they ought to do to succeed—it's advice about the right choice
  • It's the feeling when you know what is the right thing, even if it is hard or not fun
  • Sounds like "aught" → imagine someone saying "You aught to try!" like a gentle push to do the right thing
  • Remember old books or movies where characters say "You ought to be careful"—it sounds respectful and serious
  • NOT like "must" (strong rule or law)—"ought" is softer, more like a suggestion or moral advice
  • NOT like "can" (ability)—"ought" is about what is right, not what is possible
  • NOT like "will" (future action)—"ought" talks about what should happen, not what will happen for sure

Try Other Words

  • Should: giving advice or moral duty (Use in most everyday situations, less formal)
  • Must: strong obligation or necessity (Use when something is very important or required)
  • Have to: necessity or requirement (Use when rules or laws require something)
  • Supposed to: expectation or duty (Use when talking about what is expected or planned)

Unboxing

  • Word parts: (No prefix or suffix; a simple modal verb)
  • Etymology: From Old English "ahte," past tense of "agan" meaning "to own, possess," later used to express obligation
  • Historical development: Used since Old English times to show duty or moral obligation; meaning shifted from ownership to what is right or expected
  • Modern usage: Mainly used to give advice or talk about what is right; less common in casual speech but still understood and used in formal or written English

Reflect & Connect

How does "ought" change the meaning of a sentence compared to "must" or "should"?
Can you think of a situation where using "ought" sounds better than "should"? Why?

Fill in the blanks

1.You ought to ___ your teeth every day to keep them healthy.
2.If you want to be polite, you ought to ___ when someone helps you.
3.The weather ought to ___ nice tomorrow because the sky is clear now.
4.He ought to ___ more carefully because this task is important.
5.Unlike "must," "ought" is ___ strong and more like advice or suggestion.
6.When someone says "You ought to try," they are giving ___, not a rule.
7.The students ought to ___ their homework before the test next week.