Belligerence

/bəˈlɪdʒərəns/

nounC1

Definition

Belligerence is the quality of being hostile, aggressive, or ready to fight. It describes when someone acts in a way that shows anger and a desire to argue or cause conflict. This word is often used to talk about people, groups, or countries that are aggressive or unfriendly.

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⚡ See It in Action

Hostile or aggressive behavior or attitude

  • His belligerence made it hard for others to work with him.
  • The belligerence between the two countries increased tensions.
  • She spoke with belligerence when angry about the decision.

The state of being ready to fight or argue

  • The belligerence of the players led to a fight on the field.
  • Belligerence in negotiations often stops peaceful solutions.

🧲 Make It Stick

  • Think of "belligerence" like "anger" (A1 word), but much stronger and active—it’s not just feeling mad but showing it by being ready to fight or argue.
  • Picture a person with a loud voice, clenched fists, and a hard face, ready to start a fight or argument.
  • It’s the feeling you get when someone keeps pushing you and doesn’t want peace.
  • Sounds like "bell-AGGRESS-ence" → imagine a bell ringing loudly to warn of a fight about to start.
  • Think of stories or movies where two characters are in a tense argument, refusing to calm down and ready to fight.
  • NOT like "anger" (which can be quiet or inside), belligerence is open and aggressive behavior.
  • NOT like "peace" or "calm," belligerence is the opposite—ready for conflict.
  • NOT like "disagreement" (which can be calm), belligerence shows strong fighting attitude.

🔄 Try Other Words

  • Hostility: unfriendly or angry feelings (Use when focusing on unfriendly attitude, less about fighting readiness)
  • Aggression: forceful or attacking behavior (Use when the action of attacking is clear)
  • Combativeness: readiness to fight or argue (Use in formal or serious contexts about willingness to fight)
  • Antagonism: active opposition or dislike (Use when emphasizing conflict or opposition)

🔍 Unboxing

  • Word parts: "belliger-" (from Latin "bellum" meaning war) + suffix "-ence" (a noun ending showing a state or quality)
  • Etymology: From Latin "belligerentia," meaning warlike or fighting attitude
  • Historical development: Used since the 1600s to describe warlike or aggressive behavior, originally about countries but now also about people
  • Modern usage: Used to describe aggressive or hostile attitudes in personal, social, or political contexts
  • Key insight: The root "bellum" means war, so belligerence means acting like you are ready for war or fight

💭 Reflect & Connect

How can belligerence affect relationships between people or countries?
Can belligerence ever be helpful, or is it always a problem? When might it be useful?

Fill in the blanks with the correct word:

1.The politician’s belligerence ___ the peaceful talks and made negotiations difficult.
2.When someone shows belligerence, they often feel ___ but also want to prove they are strong.
3.Belligerence is different from simple disagreement because it shows a ___ attitude, not calm discussion.
4.In sports, players sometimes show belligerence by ___ their opponents or refusing to listen to referees.
5.Belligerence often comes ___ anger but leads to more serious conflict or fights.
6.The belligerence of the two countries made the world fear ___.
7.When a person shows belligerence, they usually ___ ready to argue or fight rather than find peace.